{"id":1414,"date":"2023-07-04T09:46:21","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T09:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/?p=1414"},"modified":"2023-07-19T08:09:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T08:09:53","slug":"meaning-of-making","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/meaning-of-making\/","title":{"rendered":"The meaning of making, gifting and solidarity in restorative justice processes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1414\" class=\"elementor elementor-1414\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3601b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3601b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f327911\" data-id=\"f327911\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b97c7dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b97c7dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7e329d\" data-id=\"f7e329d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c58ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46c58ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The meaning of making, gifting + solidarity in restorative justice processes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d9d67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95d9d67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">Clair Aldington, Jayne Wallace, Charlotte Bilby, Justin Marshall<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e0210 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5e0210\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1424\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hero-1-2048x2048-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4a27f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4a27f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2226d2e\" data-id=\"2226d2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6dff5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6dff5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1019f6b\" data-id=\"1019f6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee8e64e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee8e64e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; font-family: Montserrat; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 35px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px;\"><div class=\"column\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"column\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"column\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><div class=\"column\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; border: 0px;\">This practice-based research investigated the meaning of making, gifting, and solidarity as they manifest themselves within restorative justice (RJ) processes, and drew on the application of interaction ritual to<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; border: 0px;\">RJ (Collins, 2004; Pemberton et al, 2017; Rossner, 2013; Strang et al, 2006).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">The most successful RJ encounters are the most emotional, and those that achieve collective solidarity between participants (Rossner, 2013). The positive emotional energy generated by solidarity may be prolonged beyond the moment of the RJ encounter through the creation of material symbols (Collins, 2004; Rossner, 2013). The particular question this research asked was whether or not a co-created design thing, handmade and gifted as part of a RJ process, could become such a material symbol, as there are potential links between long-term positive emotional energy and a reduction in offending (Rossner, 2013). Co-created gifted design things were found to become symbols of solidarity by participants in this study through interviews and a longitudinal RJ case study. Design thinking and co-creative processes were intrinsic to the research methodology and utilised the existing practice of the researcher as both a maker as well as a RJ practitioner. A body of handmade work through a thinking through making process (Gray and Malins, 2004; Marshall and Wallace, 2017; Nimkulrat, 2012; Pajaczkowska, 2016) was also created. This included a set of printed and stitched wrapping cloths which investigated the meaning of solidarity in RJ processes, based on Japanese \u201cFuroshiki\u201d. These were co-created with research participants who included dancers, restoratively trained artists, people harmed through crime (victims), people responsible for causing crime (offenders), a criminal justice social worker and RJ practitioners and researchers. The case study was conducted through Space2face creative restorative practices organisation, Shetland, Scotland.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"column\" style=\"margin: 0px; border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04d1ffa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04d1ffa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-family: Montserrat;font-size: 16px;font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.3px;white-space: normal\">-------&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Montserrat;font-size: 16px;font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.3px;white-space: normal\">CoCreate members working on this project:<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4de62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-sina_blogpost\" data-id=\"5c4de62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"sina_blogpost.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-blogpost sina-bp-5c4de62\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-uid=\"5c4de62\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-offset=\"3\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-posts-data='{\"post_type\":\"post\",\"posts_num\":3,\"offset\":3,\"total_posts\":3,\"layout\":\"grid\",\"columns\":\"3\",\"layout_type\":\"default\",\"custom_columns\":null,\"categories\":\"\",\"tags\":[\"127\",\"145\",\"150\"],\"order_by\":\"date\",\"sort\":\"DESC\",\"posts_text\":\"\",\"excerpt\":null,\"content_length\":null,\"posts_meta\":\"\",\"thumb_right\":null,\"is_thumb\":\"yes\",\"read_more_effect\":\"\",\"read_more_text\":\"\",\"read_more_icon\":\"\",\"read_more_icon_align\":null,\"effects\":\"\",\"cats_position\":null,\"cats_icon\":null,\"posts_avatar\":null,\"avatar_size\":null,\"read_btn_bg_layer_effects\":null,\"bg_layer_effects\":\"\"}'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-grid\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-grid-sizer\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-col sina-bp-item-3 \">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bg-thumb\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Aldington.jpg\" alt=\"Clair Aldington\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-overlay\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/clair-aldington\/\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sina-bp-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/clair-aldington\/\">Clair Aldington<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"sina-bp-col sina-bp-item-3 \">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bg-thumb\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wallace.jpg\" alt=\"Jayne Wallace\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-overlay\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/jayne-wallace\/\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sina-bp-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/jayne-wallace\/\">Jayne Wallace<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"sina-bp-col sina-bp-item-3 \">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bg-thumb\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Marshall.jpg\" alt=\"Justin Marshall\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-overlay\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/justin-marshall\/\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sina-bp-content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sina-bp-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/justin-marshall\/\">Justin Marshall<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"sina_load_more_posts5c4de62\" name=\"sina_load_more_posts5c4de62\" value=\"bc0bb14b20\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/cocreate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .sina-blogpost -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-625ed7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"625ed7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><div style=\"margin: 0px;border: 0px;font-family: Montserrat;font-size: 14px;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.3px;white-space: normal\"><div style=\"margin: 0px;border: 0px\"><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;line-height: 45px;font-style: italic\">------- Publications related to this project:<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );white-space: pre-wrap;letter-spacing: 0.3px\"><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2f0fe3\" data-id=\"b2f0fe3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16276da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"16276da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"804\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1-1024x804.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1425\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1-1024x804.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1-768x603.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1-1536x1205.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2048x1607-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebef2f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ebef2f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1426\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/cocreate\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-3-2048x1365-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The meaning of making, gifting + solidarity in restorative justice processes Clair Aldington, Jayne Wallace, Charlotte Bilby, Justin Marshall This practice-based research investigated the meaning of making, gifting, and solidarity as they manifest themselves within restorative justice (RJ) processes, and drew on the application of interaction ritual toRJ (Collins, 2004; Pemberton et al, 2017; Rossner, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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