{"id":2537,"date":"2025-08-18T09:49:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T08:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/?page_id=2537"},"modified":"2025-08-18T16:45:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T15:45:52","slug":"hargeysa-symposium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/hargeysa-symposium\/","title":{"rendered":"Hargeysa Symposium"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2537\" class=\"elementor elementor-2537\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f39b9 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"e8f39b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8346\" data-id=\"b6b8346\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da262d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da262d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hargeysa Symposium<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4987917 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4987917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce0d535 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce0d535\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desert Disorders Symposium, Hargeysa, 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43bfeb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43bfeb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The second <em>Desert Disorders Symposium <\/em>took place 12-13 April, 2025 in Hargeysa. It was hosted by the Somaliland Centre for African Studies, <span class=\"TextRun SCXW257795579 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW257795579 BCX4\">in collaboration with the British Academy funded project, Desert Disorders<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4a94ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4a94ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thematic Focus and Rationale<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1acbea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1acbea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:142,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:129,&quot;335562764&quot;:2,&quot;335562765&quot;:1.077,&quot;335562766&quot;:4,&quot;335562767&quot;:8.25,&quot;335562768&quot;:4,&quot;335562769&quot;:0}\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Arid<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">semi-<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">arid<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">regions,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">along<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">deserts,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">present<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">both<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">opportunities<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">challenges<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">for <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">modern<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">governance<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">regarding<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">space,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">populations,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">production,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">trade.<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prevailing<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">discourses <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">often<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">depict<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">marginal,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">extreme, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">empty,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">both<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> within <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">beyond<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> national<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">borders. <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">In<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">global<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">discussions,<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> arid<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">regions <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">deserts<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">frequently<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">contrasted<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">normative<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">territories <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">populations. Moreover, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">existing<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> research<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">often<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> reinforces <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">this<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">marginalization<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">categorizing <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> purely <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">geographic<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">topographic<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">terms.<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> Societies<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">arid<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">semi-<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">arid<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">regions<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">are <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">commonly<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">perceived<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">peripheral<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">exceptional<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">compared<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">dominant<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">socio-<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">economic<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">political<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">structures.<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">This<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">includes<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">dismissing<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">viable<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">lifestyles<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">prioritizing<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">fixed, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">territorial<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">living<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">socio-<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">economic<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">dependency.<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">This <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">viewpoint<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">led<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">implementation<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">of <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">policies<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">aimed<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">at <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">transforming<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">nomadic<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">communities<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> into<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">sedentary,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">territorially<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> bound<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">entities. <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Such<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">engagements<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">overlook<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> the<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">sophisticated<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">systems<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> of<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">cultural,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">ecological,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">socio-<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">economic <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">balance <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">regions<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">maintain,<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">which<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">integral<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">way<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> of<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">life.<\/span>\u200b<\/p><p data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:142,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:130,&quot;335562764&quot;:2,&quot;335562765&quot;:1.067,&quot;335562766&quot;:4,&quot;335562767&quot;:8.4,&quot;335562768&quot;:4,&quot;335562769&quot;:0}\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">This<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">workshop<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">challenges<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">discursive<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">constructions<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">arid regions. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Responding to Samia Henni\u2019s provocation that \u2018Deserts are not empty\u2019, participants contributed papers that resituated arid regions in their historical, social, cultural and geopolitical production.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72c324c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72c324c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Programme &amp; Activities<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad71b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ad71b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Schedule and Activities<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><strong>Saturday 12th April <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">9:00am Formal Opening by\u00a0<span style=\"font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: 0px;\">Sharmaake Abdi Musse, Deputy Minister of Fishery and Marine Resources<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">10:30am\u201312pm Panel 1: Food Security<\/span> (chaired by Jama Musse Jama)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Asma Jama Mohamed, Ministry of Livestock and Rural Development: Assessing household food security in a rural district of Maroodijeeh region, Somaliland: a case study of Salahley district<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Saed Mohamoud Muhumed, University of Hargeisa: Perceived Effect of Climate Variability on Maize Production Among Small-Scale Farmers in Gabiley, Somaliland<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Bharat Hun, IIT Delhi: Cumin: A \u201crisk\u201d crop which created a disorder in the Thar desert<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">12pm-2pm: Lunch<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2:00pm-4:00pm Panel 2: Pastoralism and Sustainable Resource Management<\/span> (chaired by Katherine Baxter)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Kedir Jemal, Haramaya University\/Hargeisa University: Effect of Rangeland Enclosures in Somaliland: Evidence from Public and Private Ownership<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Amoun A. Haibe, Director of the Department of Rural Development: Mitigating impact of land degradation on livelihoods of pastoral and agro pastoral communities in Somaliland<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Sadia Musse Ahmed, PENHA: Sustaining pastoral livelihoods in Somaliland<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Roble Musa, University of Nairobi\/Roskilde University: Market-Oriented Diversification Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Case Studies of Pastoralists and Agro-pastoralists in the Togdheer Region, Somaliland<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Sunday 13th April <\/strong><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">8:30\u201310am Panel 3: Pastoral Identities and Social Worlds<\/span> (chaired by Christina Woolner)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Nasra Mohamed Dahir, SCAS: Blooming from the Desert: Rain and Pastoralists\u2019 Relations in the Arid Environment of the Somali Community<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Tirsit Yetbarek, SCAS: Identities on the Move: Managing the Fluid Identity of Pastoralists of the Horn of Africa<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Neha Meena, IIT Delhi: Reimagining Pastoraliam: Affective Human-Animal Relations in the Thar Desert (online)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">10:30am\u201312 Panel 4: Pastoral Governance<\/span>\u00a0 (chaired by Farhana Ibrahim)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Mitiku Haile, Mekelle University: Customary Conflict Resolution Institutions among Tigray and Afar Adjacent Communities: Strengthening the Role of Customary Institutions, Gereb and Abogerebs (online)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Abdiwahab Hashi, Admas University: The impact of pastoralist mobility on tuberculosis control in Ethiopia<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Mohamed Abdullahi Omer, Universityof Hargeisa: Somaliland&#8217;s Early Warning System: Functionality, Community Response,and GapAnalysis (online)<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">12pm-2pm: Lunch<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2:00pm\u20134:00pm Roundtable discussion: Future Directions for Research and Collaboration<\/span> (led by Katherine Baxter)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">6:30pm-9pm Workshop Dinner &amp; Musical Entertainment<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f141495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f141495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Venue Details<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d78f10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d78f10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><span lang=\"EN-US\">All sessions take place at the Hargeysa Cultural Centre, 26 June Street No. 2, Sha&#8217;ab Area, Hargeysa, Somaliland\u00a0<\/span><\/div><p><span class=\"EOP SCXW257795579 BCX4\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9703d1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9703d1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06bd88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-google_maps\" data-id=\"c06bd88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"google_maps.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?q=Hargeysa%20Cultural%20Centre&#038;t=m&#038;z=15&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Hargeysa Cultural Centre\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Hargeysa Cultural Centre\"\n\t\t\t><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hargeysa Symposium Desert Disorders Symposium, Hargeysa, 2025 The second Desert Disorders Symposium took place 12-13 April, 2025 in Hargeysa. It was hosted by the Somaliland Centre for African Studies, in collaboration with the British Academy funded project, Desert Disorders. Thematic Focus and Rationale Arid and semi-arid regions, along with deserts, present both opportunities and challenges [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2537","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2537"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2608,"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2537\/revisions\/2608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/desertdisorders\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}