{"id":4461,"date":"2024-12-11T16:03:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T16:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/?p=4461"},"modified":"2024-12-12T09:09:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T09:09:10","slug":"the-mysterious-affair-of-adultery-in-the-divorce-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/the-mysterious-affair-of-adultery-in-the-divorce-court\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mysterious Affair of Adultery in the Divorce Court"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742-410x1024.jpg\" alt=\"The image is a modern photograph of an old terrace building (built in the early 19th century) that appears to be housing. It is four storeys high, with a white facade and bay windows on every floor. The bay window on the second floor has a balcony with black railings and a small porch hanging over the top of the window. There are steps leading up to a door with another balcony above it and railings running across the front of the house. A tall tree is partially visible on the left-hand side of the photograph that is in front of the building. \" class=\"wp-image-4462\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742-410x1024.jpg 410w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742-120x300.jpg 120w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742-768x1920.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742-819x2048.jpg 819w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/26_Gloucester_Place_Brighton_IoE_Code_480742.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Description: 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton [The location of the adultery between Gwyneth Alice Hoos and James Hughes Massie]. Source Citation: Wikimedia Commons contributors, &#8216;File:26 Gloucester Place, Brighton (IoE Code 480742).JPG&#8217;, Wikimedia Commons, 24 May 2023, 23:21 UTC, &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:26_Gloucester_Place,_Brighton_(IoE_Code_480742).JPG&amp;oldid=766735062\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:26_Gloucester_Place,_Brighton_(IoE_Code_480742).JPG&amp;oldid=766735062<\/a>&gt; [accessed 11 December 2024]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 16 April 1917, a petition for divorce was filed at the Principal Registry in London by Mr. Edward Jan Hoos, a banker who lived in Eaton Place, London. He was alleging that his wife, Gwyneth Alice Hoos had \u2018\u2026frequently committed adultery\u2026\u2019, with a named co-respondent, a Mr. James Hughes Massie, \u2018\u2026at 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton, in the County of Sussex\u2019 (see image). As we discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/d-i-v-o-r-c-e-legally-severing-the-bonds-of-marriage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a previous blog<\/a>, a husband petitioning for a divorce only had to prove his wife\u2019s adultery. But how had Edward and Gwyneth got to this point?\u00a0 Edward and Gwyneth (then Gwyneth Alice Mansergh) had married only 5 years earlier, in 1912 at St. Paul\u2019s Church, Knightsbridge when they were both in their 20s. They\u2019d lived together as husband and wife in Hampstead and had one child together, Martin Edward Jan Hoos, born in September 1913. There\u2019s no further information about those five years of marriage in their J 77 divorce case file, and there are no newspaper reports about the divorce trial or their lives during this time.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7712889319-Hoos-v.-Hoos-Massie-1917-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File.png\" alt=\"This image is the front cover of an old paper Divorce Court case file. It is a dirty shade of cream with black writing on it, some printed and some handwritten. The writing says 9319 in the top right-hand corner. On the left the letters UND. are stamped in red with the numbers 233 handwritten next to it. Below this in print it says: In the High Court of Justice PROBATE, DIVORCE, AND ADMIRALTY DIVISION (DIVORCE.) In handwriting it says: HD. Below in handwriting it then says: Hoos Edward Jan v. Hoos Gwyneth Alice and Massie James Hughes. Below this in print it says: COURT MINUTES. Below this in black print it says Petition Filed, followed by the date 16 APR. 1917 stamped in black ink. Below this in print it says Cause Set Down, followed by the date 26 MAY 1917 stamped in black ink. Below this in print it says Decree Nisi, followed by the date 17 November 1917 handwritten in black ink. Below this in print it says Final Decree, followed by the date 8 JUN. 1918 stamped in black ink. Below this is a square box with the letters DA inside, stamped in black ink. On the back page which is visible when the sheet of paper is opened is a green sticker and on it are the words: Closed until 2019. Stamped on top of this in red ink is a cross with the words CANCELLED inside. \" class=\"wp-image-4464\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7712889319-Hoos-v.-Hoos-Massie-1917-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File.png 474w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7712889319-Hoos-v.-Hoos-Massie-1917-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File-226x300.png 226w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Description: The front cover of the divorce case file for Hoos v. Hoos and Massie.&nbsp;Source Citation: The National Archives; London, England, UK; Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, later Supreme Court of Judicature: Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Files, J 77; Reference Number: J 77\/1288\/9319; Series Number: J 77; Piece Number: 1288.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What we do know is that as part of Edward\u2019s petition for divorce he was asking for custody of their child, and as the \u2018innocent\u2019 party in the case it was highly likely that this would be granted. He was also asking that the co-respondent, James Hughes Massie, should pay Edward\u2019s costs in the case, and this wasn\u2019t unusual. In a husband\u2019s petition for divorce, if a named male co-respondent was found to have committed adultery with the wife, he would usually be liable for all the costs incurred by the petitioner and respondent, as well as their own. In fact, when the case was heard in the Divorce Court on 17 November 1917, the Honorable Sir Maurice Hill, the High Court judge, presided over the case. He found Gwyneth to be \u2018guilty of adultery with the Co-respondent James Hughes Massie\u2019 and ordered James to pay the Petitioners costs (how much these amounted to is unclear in the case file). Most importantly, custody of Martin, the child from the marriage, was given to Edward, and whether Gwyneth ever saw her son again is unknown. On 3 June 1918 (following the six-month mandatory waiting period between the stages of divorce) the Honorable Sir Henry Alfred McCardie, a High Court judge granted Edward and Gwyneth a Decree Absolute, formally ending their marriage and leaving them both free to remarry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where the story should have ended, but this wasn\u2019t the last time Gwyneth or James appeared in the Divorce Court, as there were further repercussions from their adultery. Gwyneth\u2019s lover James Hughes Massie was himself married. He had married Effie Dunreith Gluck on 30 November 1902, when they\u2019d wed in Buffalo within the State of New York in the United States of America. At the time, Effie had been a 44-year-old widow with two children from her earlier marriage, while James had been 26 years old and a bachelor. After the marriage, they co-habited as husband and wife in Hampstead, London, while James was working as a literary agent who founded the company Hughes Massie that represented <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/52843028-the-mysterious-affair-at-styles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agatha Christie<\/a>. Little is known of their lives from the point of marriage to appearing in the Divorce Court fifteen years later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 30 August 1917, after Edward Jan Hoos had filed his petition for divorce, but before the trial, James\u2019s wife Effie petitioned for a Restitution of Conjugal Rights alleging that he had deserted her. Letters inside the case file make it clear that James had no intention of returning to cohabitation with Effie. On 15 May 1918, the judge presiding over the case, the Honorable Sir Alfred McCardie, granted Effie a Decree of Restitution of Conjugal Rights. In this document James was ordered to \u2018\u2026return home to [the] Petitioner and render to her conjugal rights&#8230;\u2019 within 14 days. A husband who refused to return to the marital home within this period would give his wife grounds to apply for a full divorce based on his desertion, providing of course that he had also committed adultery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">James did not return home, and on the 22 June 1918 (only a few weeks after the Hoo\u2019s divorce was finalised), Effie filed a petition for divorce. Within her petition Effie alleged James had committed adultery, naming Gwyneth (incorrectly spelt Gwynette) Alice Hoos as the \u2018other woman\u2019 he had committed adultery with at 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton \u2018from the 9<sup>th<\/sup> to the 12<sup>th<\/sup> day of March 1917\u2019. As we outlined in an earlier <a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/whats-in-a-divorce-case-file\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blog post<\/a>, despite being named in the petition, Gwyneth was not a formal co-respondent, and her name did not appear on the front cover of the case file. This was because a female petitioner could not claim damages from a female co-respondent in the same way a male petitioner could from a male co-respondent, and so they are not named as parties to the legal suit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"742\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7713631759-Massie-v.-Massie-1918-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File.png\" alt=\"This image is the front cover of an old paper Divorce Court case file. It is a dirty shade of cream with black writing on it, some printed and some handwritten. The writing says 1759 in the top right-hand corner. On the left the letters UND. are stamped in red with the numbers 327 handwritten next to it. Below this in print it says: In the High Court of Justice PROBATE, DIVORCE, AND ADMIRALTY DIVISION (DIVORCE.) In handwriting it says: WD. Below in handwriting it then says: Massie Effie Dunreith v. Massie James Hughes. Below this in print it says: COURT MINUTES. Below this in black print it says Petition Filed, followed by the date 22 JUN. 1918 stamped in black ink. Below this in handwriting it says Cause Set Down, followed by the date 10 JUL 1918 stamped in black ink. Below this in print it says Decree Nisi, followed by the date 2 DEC 1918 stamped in black ink. Below this in print it says Final Decree, followed by the date 30 JUN. 1919 stamped in black ink. Below this is a square box with the letters DA inside, stamped in black ink. Across this is red stamped lettering that says PREVIOUS PROCEEDINGS and the numbers 9969 with a line below then 17. On the back page which is visible when the sheet of paper is opened is a green sticker and on it are the words: Closed until 2020 stamped on top of this in red ink is a cross with the words CANCELLED inside.\" class=\"wp-image-4465\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7713631759-Massie-v.-Massie-1918-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File.png 479w, https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/J-7713631759-Massie-v.-Massie-1918-Front-Cover-Divorce-Case-File-194x300.png 194w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Description: The front cover of the divorce case file for Massie v. Massie.<\/em> <em>Source Citation: The National Archives; London, England, UK; Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, later Supreme Court of Judicature: Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Files, J 77; Reference Number: J 77\/1363\/1759; Series Number: J 77; Piece Number: 1363.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a woman petitioning for a divorce, Effie had to provide evidence of adultery and an additional marital offence. Wives most commonly cited desertion or cruelty, although there were other offences used less frequently. Effie alleged James deserted her, providing evidence of his non-compliance with the Decree of Restitution of Conjugal Rights. Effie also referred to the Hoos divorce, saying \u2018THAT the said James Hughes Massie was the Co-respondent and the said Gwynette Alice Hoos was the Respondent in the suit of \u201cHoos v. Hoos and Massie\u201d, which was heard by this Honorable Court and a Decree Nisi was pronounced on the 17<sup>th<\/sup> day of November 1917\u2026\u2019. The Massie\u2019s divorce case went to trial on 2 December 1918, and the Honorable Mr. Justice Roche granted Effie a Decree Nisi, followed six months later with a Decree Absolute on 30 June 1919. As the adulterous partner in the Hoos divorce and the \u2018guilty\u2019 party in his own, James was liable for all the costs from both litigations in the Divorce Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only a few weeks later, on 17 July 1919, James and Gwyneth married each other at Islington Register Office in London, but their happiness was short lived. James died only a few years later in February 1921. Gwyneth appeared to not marry again and lived until 1967. James\u2019s ex-wife, Effie also appears to have not married again and spent the last years of her life living in Los Angeles with her daughter, passing away in 1938. Gwyneth\u2019s ex-husband, Edward, remarried in 1930 and had two further children with his new wife, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npg.org.uk\/collections\/search\/portrait\/mw65088\/Hon-Sarah-Marie-Adelaide-Hoos-ne-Cust?LinkID=mp62823&amp;role=sit&amp;rNo=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Honourable Sarah Marie Adelaide Cust<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These interconnected cases show the aftermath of adultery, and the complexities of legally separating. They also highlight the additional evidence that wives were required to provide when petitioning for a divorce, and the different roles that men and women who were involved in adultery with married husbands and wives, had in the divorce process. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Make sure to follow us on <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/divorcehistory.bsky.social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>Blue Sky<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em> , <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Divorce_History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>X (formerly Twitter)<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/new_divorce_history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>Instagram<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.threads.net\/@new_divorce_history?xmt=AQGz0rZB2JY5hegjXbG7VbfN75Gtpr2QfHoDCa9KoUOFSpM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>Threads<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>,<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>or <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/New-Histories-of-Divorce-for-Family-Historians-Genealogists\/61561076532076\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>Facebook<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em> where we\u2019ll regularly post news about the project, and links to the blogs on the projects <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>website<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description: 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton [The location of the adultery between Gwyneth Alice Hoos and James Hughes Massie]. Source Citation: Wikimedia Commons contributors, &#8216;File:26 Gloucester Place, Brighton (IoE Code 480742).JPG&#8217;, Wikimedia Commons, 24 May 2023, 23:21 UTC, &lt;https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:26_Gloucester_Place,_Brighton_(IoE_Code_480742).JPG&amp;oldid=766735062&gt; [accessed 11 December 2024] On 16 April 1917, a petition for divorce was filed at the Principal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[91,102,99,96,93],"class_list":["post-4461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-adultery-2","tag-agatha-christie","tag-brighton","tag-co-respondents","tag-divorce-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Mysterious Affair of Adultery in the Divorce Court - A New Methodological Approach to the History of Divorce, 1857-1923<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/divorce_history\/the-mysterious-affair-of-adultery-in-the-divorce-court\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Mysterious Affair of Adultery in the Divorce Court - A New Methodological Approach to the History of Divorce, 1857-1923\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Description: 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton [The location of the adultery between Gwyneth Alice Hoos and James Hughes Massie]. 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