{"id":270,"date":"2025-02-12T15:43:57","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T15:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/warephemera\/services\/"},"modified":"2025-02-12T15:43:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T15:43:57","slug":"ephemera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/warephemera\/ephemera\/","title":{"rendered":"What are\/is Ephemera?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"270\" class=\"elementor elementor-270\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bbf904a elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bbf904a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401f620\" data-id=\"401f620\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def3ca5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"def3ca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are\/is ephemera?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1186045 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1186045\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fa0ed0\" data-id=\"6fa0ed0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c45459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c45459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How we define ephemera<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd19e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfd19e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ephemera is a very plural subject.<strong> Ephemerists wonder whether the paper material in question is pronounced \u2018eff-EM-er-a\u2019 or \u2018EE-fe-mer-ah\u2019 (it can be both); is it singular or plural (ditto)<\/strong>; and does it include printed or handwritten items (both, depending on who you talk to, although it is usually at least partially printed). The most popularly used definition of ephemera is \u2018minor transient documents of everyday life\u2019. This is generally taken to mean printed or written material generally not meant to last long-term, although some ephemera, such as a memorial card or a photograph, are meant to survive the test of time.\u00a0But we also argue that small everyday objects should be included in our work. Families and archives often marry paper based ephemera and small objects, and although some definitions of ephemera are paper-based only, in our research we want to include other small, easily portable items which were important to people in the past. This means that items such as identity tags, luck charms, and even buttons and hairbrushes are included in our definition of ephemera.\u00a0As a project team, <strong>we adopt a broad understanding of what ephemera are: any small, portable items linked to the First World War and its commemoration count as ephemera for the purpose of our work<\/strong>. From postcards to photographs, forms to pamphlets, luck charms to identity discs we understand this material as everyday ephemera which can lead to a clearer understanding of the past.<\/p><p>The ephemera pictured in our banner image above belong to the descendants of Drummer Andrew Hanton, 7th Northumberland Fusiliers, reproduced with kind permission of Georgia Godsmark and family. The tiny thumbnail-sized photograph and miniature cutting of Drummer Hanton&#8217;s death notice have been carefully preserved by the family and handed down since he was killed in France aged 15.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac39847 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac39847\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-017db1f\" data-id=\"017db1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15254bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15254bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ephemera scholarship essentials: some reading suggestions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57555aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57555aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b37a52\" data-id=\"4b37a52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c453240 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c453240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-65d1bbd\" data-id=\"65d1bbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31e86a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f31e86a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c8d8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3c8d8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Printing Techniques and Introductions to Collecting Ephemera<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba5fed5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba5fed5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>John Lewis, <em>Printed Ephemera: The changing uses of type and letterforms in English and American Printing<\/em> (1962).<\/li><li>Maurice Rickards, <em>Collecting Printed Ephemera<\/em> (1988).<\/li><li>Maurice Rickards (ed.), <em>The Encylopedia of Ephemera: A guide to the fragmentary documents of everyday life for the collector, curator, and historian<\/em> (2000).<\/li><li>Maurice Rickards and Michael Moody, <em>The First World War: Ephemera, Mementoes, Documents<\/em> (1975).<\/li><li>Michael Twyman, <em>Printing 1770-1970: An illustrated history of its development and uses in England<\/em> (1998).<\/li><li>Michael Twyman, <em>A History of Chromolithography: Printed colour for all<\/em> (2013).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54427f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a54427f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Websites<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a7f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55a7f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>The Ephemera Society USA have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ephemerasociety.org\/definition\/\">useful website<\/a> which can help with identifying different types of ephemera.<\/li><li>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ephemera-society.org.uk\/\">Ephemera Society UK website<\/a> has a wide range of useful articles.<\/li><li>The John Johnston Collection of Printed Ephemera at Oxford University has <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/johnson\/jj-images\">digitised some of their collection<\/a>.<\/li><li>Staff and students at Reading University put together this <a href=\"https:\/\/a-z-ephemera.org\/\">online exhibition<\/a> which also gives examples of the range and scope of ephemera.<\/li><li>There is also a basic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/world-war-one\/articles\/ephemera-and-the-first-world-war\">overview of First World War Ephemera at the British Library <\/a>available via their website.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f458cb6\" data-id=\"f458cb6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48c7ffd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"48c7ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52fd25d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52fd25d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Academic Press Books and Journal Articles<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6807a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6807a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ann-Marie Foster, \u2018The Ephemera of Remembrance in the Wake of War and Disaster, 1899-1939\u2019 (Northumbria University, 2019), Unpublished PhD. Available: https:\/\/nrl.northumbria.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/41204\/<\/li><li>David A. Reichard, \u2018Animating Ephemera through Oral History: interpreting visual traces of California Gay Student Organizing from the 1970s\u2019 <em>The Oral History Review<\/em> 39:1 (2012), pp. 37-60.<\/li><li>Gillian Russell, <em>The Ephemeral Eighteenth Century: Print, sociability, and the cultures of collecting<\/em> (Cambridge, 2021).<\/li><li>Michael Twyman, \u2018The Long-Term Significance of Printed Ephemera\u2019 <em>RBM: A Journal of Rare Book, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage<\/em> 9:1 (2008), pp. 19-57.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d24426 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0d24426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are\/is ephemera? How we define ephemera Ephemera is a very plural subject. Ephemerists wonder whether the paper material in question is pronounced \u2018eff-EM-er-a\u2019 or \u2018EE-fe-mer-ah\u2019 (it can be both); is it singular or plural (ditto); and does it include printed or handwritten items (both, depending on who you talk to, although it is usually [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-270","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are\/is Ephemera? - War Ephemera<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hosting.northumbria.ac.uk\/warephemera\/ephemera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are\/is Ephemera? - War Ephemera\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What are\/is ephemera? How we define ephemera Ephemera is a very plural subject. 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